All land in the Inca state

All land in the Inca state

(A) belonged to the priests.
(B) was owned by merchants and traders.
(C) belonged to the oldest woman of the family.
(D) was owned by those who worked the land.
(E) was owned by the state but assigned and redistributed to others.

Answer: E

Religious practices of the Incas included all of these attributes EXCEPT:

Religious practices of the Incas included all of these attributes EXCEPT:

(A) animism.
(B) ancestor worship.
(C) monotheism.
(D) sun worship.
(E) theocratic government.

Answer: C

One reason offered for the expansion of the Inca state was

One reason offered for the expansion of the Inca state was

(A) a need for humans to sacrifice to the state gods.
(B) overpopulation and the need for new crop land.
(C) each new Inca ruler had to secure new land and wealth for himself.
(D) changing environment and climate that drove the Incas from their homeland.
(E) superior technologies made it easy for the Incas to conquer other peoples.

Answer: C

Demographic evidence of the Aztec Empire around 1500 C.E. indicates

Demographic evidence of the Aztec Empire around 1500 C.E. indicates

(A) a falling population base when the Europeans arrived.
(B) decreasing birthrates.
(C) women outnumbered men due to the loses during the frequent wars.
(D) most Aztecs lived in cities.
(E) an extremely high population density

Answer: E

Because of their level of technological development, Aztec work and production

Because of their level of technological development, Aztec work and production

(A) relied heavily on tools and machines.
(B) relied heavily on the physical labor of humans.
(C) utilized domesticated beasts of burden extensively.
(D) richly rewarded intellectual invention and innovation.
(E) were performed by slaves and conquered or tributary states.




Answer: B

Around 1500 C.E., membership in Aztec society was hierarchically defined by all of these methods EXCEPT:

Around 1500 C.E., membership in Aztec society was hierarchically defined by all of these methods EXCEPT:

(A) social classes.
(B) gender.
(C) clans or tribes.
(D) ethnicity.
(E) occupational groups.

Answer: D

In order to supply food to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs

In order to supply food to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs

(A) obtained food through tribute from conquered city-states.
(B) relied largely on trade for foodstuffs.
(C) used slave labor.
(D) built floating agricultural islands on the lake.
(E) filled in Lake Texcoco to obtain agricultural lands.

Answer: D

For the Mesoamericans of the Aztec period, religion

For the Mesoamericans of the Aztec period, religion

(A) was increasingly monotheistic.
(B) developed into idealistic philosophies and intellectual discussions.
(C) taught that humans should live ethical, moral lives.
(D) declined and atheism began to spread widely.
(E) was oppressive and made little distinction between the sacred and secular.

Answer: E

The Aztecs rose to power through all of the following means EXCEPT:

The Aztecs rose to power through all of the following means EXCEPT:

(A) control of water and irrigation.
(B) political alliances with neighboring cities.
(C) marriage alliances.
(D) warfare.
(E) trade.





Answer: E

Although later civilizations in Mesoamerica borrowed and built on the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya, later civilizations

Although later civilizations in Mesoamerica borrowed and built on the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya, later civilizations

(A) were not as war-like as their predecessors had been.
(B) rarely surpassed their intellectual predecessors.
(C) failed to improve on the political institutions and types of Olmec and Maya states.
(D) abandoned polytheism in favor of monotheism.
(E) abandoned trade.

Answer: B

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American civilizations during the post classical period?

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American civilizations during the post classical period?

a. Large cities based on elaborate political and economic organization
b. Diverse civilizations
c. Elaborate cultural systems
d. Monotheistic practices
e. Highly developed agriculture

Answer: D

Closely identified with the cult of sacrifice and the military, the Aztec social hierarchy developed a nobility referred to as the

Closely identified with the cult of sacrifice and the military, the Aztec social hierarchy developed a nobility referred to as the

a. calpulli.
b. quipus.
c. pipiltin.
d. pochteca.
e. chinampas.

Answer: C

What was the relationship between the Toltecs and their predecessors in central Mexico?

What was the relationship between the Toltecs and their predecessors in central Mexico?

a. The former residents of central Mexico were wiped out during the Toltec invasions.
b. The Toltec rejected all economic and social practices but did use similar religious practices.
c. The Toltecs adopted many cultural features from their predecessors to which they added a strong military ethic and human sacrifice.
d. The Toltecs adopted the animistic religion of their predecessors, but failed to develop cities or ceremonial centers.
e. The entry of the Toltecs into central Mexico marks an abrupt break in the cultural development of the region.

Answer: C

The Aztec awaited the appearance of an eagle landing on a cactus with a serpent in its mouth. When this appeared

The Aztec awaited the appearance of an eagle landing on a cactus with a serpent in its mouth. When this appeared

a. the sun would not shine.
b. their wanderings would end.
c. Lake Texcoco would dry up.
d. a strong female ruler would emerge.
e. their capitol would be destroyed.

Answer: B

The northern nomadic peoples who entered central Mexico following the decline of Teotihuacan were the

The northern nomadic peoples who entered central Mexico following the decline of Teotihuacan were the

a. Aztecs.
b. Incas.
c. Maya.
d. Olmecs.
e. Toltecs.

Answer: E

The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of

The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of

a. Pochteca.
b. pipiltin.
c. quipus.
d. calpulli.
e. chinampas.

Answer: E

What was the Andean principle of inheritance?

What was the Andean principle of inheritance?

a. Everything passing to the monarch
b. Parallel descent: women passed rights and property to daughters, men to sons
c. Extended family split inheritances evenly
d. Matrilineal, inheritance passing in the female line
e. Patrilineal, inheritance passing in the male line

Answer: B

Which of the following represents a cultural difference between the Incas and Aztecs?

Which of the following represents a cultural difference between the Incas and Aztecs?

a. Relative isolation
b. Lack of a writing system
c. Monumental architecture
d. Practice of human sacrifice
e. Lack of a priest class

Answer: B

Which of the following existed in the Aztec empire, but NOT in the Inca empire?

Which of the following existed in the Aztec empire, but NOT in the Inca empire?

a. A tribute system
b. Redistribution of tribute by the state
c. Recognition of local groups and leaders
d. An extensive merchant class
e. Extraction of labor for use on temple projects

Answer: D

Which of the following views of the Aztec practice of human sacrifice can be associated with Marvin Harris's interpretation of the "cannibal kingdom"?

Which of the following views of the Aztec practice of human sacrifice can be associated with Marvin Harris's interpretation of the "cannibal kingdom"?

a. It was immoral and unnecessary and was a waste of economic resources.
b. It was an essentially religious act central to their belief that humans must sacrifice that which was most precious to them in order to receive the sun, rain, and other blessings.
c. The incidence of human sacrifice was grossly exaggerated by the Spanish for political purposes.
d. It was the intentional manipulation of a traditional practice to terrorize their neighbors and to keep the lower classes subordinate.
e. It was a response to the lack of available protein in the form of large mammals.

Answer: E