In classical Greece

In classical Greece 

a. Athens was the only city state that may have prohibited homosexuality.
b. homoerotic relationships were culturally approved for both men and women in most Greek city states.
c. an ideal homosexual relationship occurred between two adolescents, who would be expected to end such a relationship when they reached maturity.
d. all of the above.




Answer: B

Which of the following distinguished the experience of women in Sparta from those in Athens?

Which of the following distinguished the experience of women in Sparta from those in Athens? 

a. Upper-class women in Sparta were more strictly confined to the home than those in Athens.
b. In Sparta women married men of about their own age.
c. Athenian women were able to participate in their democratic government, whereas Spartan women were unable to participate in their oligarchic government.
d. In Athens elite women were strongly encouraged to learn to read and write.




Answer: B

In the centuries following the fall of the Han Empire, Chinese women

In the centuries following the fall of the Han Empire, Chinese women 

a. found themselves restricted to a greater degree than ever before because of the cultural influence of the nomadic peoples who conquered much of northern China.
b. were removed from positions as priests, nuns, and reclusive mediators in Daoist movements.
c. benefited from the growing influence of Buddhism, which provided some women with an alternative to family life in Buddhist monasteries.
d. were encouraged by the writings of Ban Zhou to be more assertive in their relationships to men.




Answer: C

In classical civilizations

In classical civilizations 

a. upper-class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower-class women.
b. women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those living in pastoral societies.
c. public life in general was a male domain, while women's roles took place mostly in domestic settings.
d. patriarchy was only present in Rome and China.



Answer: C

Which of the following was a feature of slavery in the Roman world?

Which of the following was a feature of slavery in the Roman world? 

a. Roman slaves were employed exclusively as agricultural labor on the estates of the rich.
b. Slaves made up a substantial portion of the population, including perhaps 33 to 40 percent of the population in the Italian heartland of the empire.
c. The triumph of Christianity in the Roman Empire brought an end to the practice of slavery.
d. Slaves were primarily drawn from Africa and slavery was associated with blackness.




Answer: B

In classical Athens

In classical Athens 

a. the growth of democracy was accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale.
b. a slave who was freed by his or her master became a citizen of the city-state.
c. slaves made up no more than 3% of the total population.
d. slavery was criticized by the greatest of the Greek philosophers including Aristotle, and was ultimately outlawed in society as a whole.





Answer: A

Which of the following is true of slavery in classical India?

Which of the following is true of slavery in classical India? 

a. Indian civilization was economically dependent on slavery.
b. Religious writings and secular law provided no protection for slaves.
c. Slaves could own property and earn money in their spare time.
d. Unlike China, criminals were not enslaved in India.



Answer: C

Which of the following is NOT true of slavery in classical China?

Which of the following is NOT true of slavery in classical China? 

a. A relatively large percentage, perhaps as much as one-third of the total population, were slaves.
b. Convicted criminals and their families were among the earliest slaves in Han dynasty China.
c. Impoverished or indebted peasants might sell their children into slavery.
d. Slaves never became a major source of labor for agriculture or manufacturing.




Answer: A

Race was a major factor in the system of slavery in

Race was a major factor in the system of slavery in 

a. Han China.
b. Ancient Greece and Rome.
c. the Americas after European colonization.
d. all of the above.



Answer: C

Which of the following features of first civilizations may have contributed to the development of slavery?

Which of the following features of first civilizations may have contributed to the development of slavery? 

a. Large-scale warfare in which prisoners were taken
b. Patriarchal relationships between men and women
c. Class inequalities based on great differences in privately owned property
d. All of the above




Answer: D

Once the system of jatis in India was established,

Once the system of jatis in India was established, 

a. individual jati were locked into an unchanging hierarchy in relation to other jatis.
b. individuals within a jati regularly raised their social status by growing wealthy enough to join other jatis.
c. an individual jati could raise its standing in relation to other jatis in the local hierarchy by acquiring land or wealth.
d. no individual could be expelled from his or her jati.



Answer: C

Which of the following is a Hindu notion that supported the idea of inherent inequality in the caste system?

Which of the following is a Hindu notion that supported the idea of inherent inequality in the caste system? 

a. That birth into a particular caste reflected the karma that the individual had earned in a previous life.
b. That hope of rebirth into a higher caste rested on dharma in this life.
c. Rebirth was a road to salvation.
d. All of the above.




Answer: D

The Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaisya varnas were distinct from the Sudra varna in that

The Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaisya varnas were distinct from the Sudra varna in that 

a. only the Sudras were allowed to hear or repeat the Vedas.
b. only the Sudras were believed to be of Aryan descent.
c. only the Brahmin, Ksatriya, and Vaisya were believed to be "twice born."
d. all of the above.



Answer: C

In India, all EXCEPT which of the following factors play a role in defining the caste system?

In India, all EXCEPT which of the following factors play a role in defining the caste system? 

a. Interaction between culturally different peoples
b. Gender, with distinct male and female castes
c. Social differences
d. Economic differences




Answer: B

Which of the following was NOT a shared feature of the social organizations of India and China in the classical era?

Which of the following was NOT a shared feature of the social organizations of India and China in the classical era? 

a. In both, birth determined social status for most people.
b. In both, sharp distinctions and great inequalities characterized the social order.
c. In both, there was little social mobility for the vast majority of the population.
d. In both, priority was given to religious status and ritual purity.




Answer: D

Which of the following statements concerning Chinese merchants is false?

Which of the following statements concerning Chinese merchants is false? 

a. The cultural elite viewed Chinese merchants as unproductive, making a shameful profit from selling the work of others.
b. Early in the Han dynasty merchants were prohibited from taking civil service exams or holding public office.
c. The government sometimes forced merchants to loan large sums of money to the state.
d. State officials and landlords ostracized Chinese merchants, having no relationships with them despite the potential for profit.




Answer: D

The Chinese state opposed the growth of a landlord class in control of large landed estates because

The Chinese state opposed the growth of a landlord class in control of large landed estates because

a. in some cases wealthy landlords could raise their own military forces that could challenge the authority of the emperor.
b. the rebel Wang Mang, who usurped the emperor's authority in 8 C.E., did so by allying with the landlord class against the emperor and peasants.
c. the government did not wish to become too dependent on the taxation of a few wealthy landlords for its revenues.
d. all of the above.



Answer: A

Chinese state officials

Chinese state officials 

a. lacked social prestige despite their central role in government.
b. served the emperor but were primarily loyal to their own families and regions.
c. took examinations and were chosen for official positions on the basis of their performance during the Han dynasty.
d. were a hereditary class chosen because of their birth and wealth.


Answer: C

China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which

China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which 

a. slave holding defined the society.
b. its social organization was shaped by the actions of the state.
c. the caste system defined its social structure.
d. women were allowed a role in public life.



Answer: B

Like "first civilizations," those of the classical era

Like "first civilizations," those of the classical era 

a. lacked sharp distinctions along class lines.
b. were patriarchal in organization.
c. rarely included slaves.
d. none of the above.




Answer: B

All classical empires

All classical empires

a. deliberately avoided assimilating conquered peoples.
b. relied on conquest to take shape.
c. were created by emperors or kings.
d. all of the above.





Answer: B

After his conversion to Buddhism, Emperor Ashoka

After his conversion to Buddhism, Emperor Ashoka

a. decreed that Buddhism would be the only faith in his empire.
b. quit hunting and ended animal sacrifices in the capital.
c. ordered that no criminal be put to death under his authority.
d. all of the above.



Answer: B

The failure of India to reunite under one central political authority after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire

The failure of India to reunite under one central political authority after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire

a. led to India losing its position as the focal point of trade in the Indian Ocean.
b. brought to an end the series of impressive scientific and mathematical discoveries made in India during the Mauryan Empire.
c. led to the collapse of Indian cities on a scale similar to that of the western half of the Roman Empire.
d. none of the above.





Answer: D

In the post-classical period, which former imperial territory was similar to western Europe in no longer being ruled by an emperor for any extended period of time?

In the post-classical period, which former imperial territory was similar to western Europe in no longer being ruled by an emperor for any extended period of time?

a. Northern India
b. China
c. Persia
d. Egypt



Answer: A

All EXCEPT which of the following statements is true of the Mauryan Empire?

All EXCEPT which of the following statements is true of the Mauryan Empire?

a. It used a large contingent of "spies" to provide rulers with local information.
b. It encompassed all but the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent.
c. Its rulers rejected and ruthlessly persecuted Buddhism.
d. The state operated many industries.



Answer: C

In comparison to China, northern India

In comparison to China, northern India

a. possessed less cultural diversity.
b. was more politically centralized.
c. lacked a distinctive religious tradition.
d. possessed a unique social organization, the caste system.



Answer: D

The collapse of the Roman and Han Empires were similar in which of the following ways?

The collapse of the Roman and Han Empires were similar in which of the following ways?

a. In both cases rivalry among elite factions created instability and eroded imperial authority.
b. In both cases only the western half of the empire collapsed.
c. Collapse destroyed the central governments, but had remarkably little effect on many aspects of life as cities and trade continued to thrive.
d. Both empires failed to take advantage of new technological advances that could have produced the resources needed to sustain the empire.

Answer: A

Although the classical Roman and Chinese empires were similar in many ways, which of the following was an important difference?

Although the classical Roman and Chinese empires were similar in many ways, which of the following was an important difference?

a. Only Chinese emperors invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule.
b. Because of earlier precedents, the Chinese process of empire-formation occurred over a much shorter period than the centuries-long Roman effort.
c. Only the Roman Empire absorbed a foreign religious tradition.
d. Only the Romans committed resources to building roads, bridges, and canals to integrate their domains militarily and commercially.

Answer: B

Which of the following was NOT a feature shared by both the classical Roman and Chinese Empires?

Which of the following was NOT a feature shared by both the classical Roman and Chinese Empires?

a. Both invested heavily in public works such as roads designed to integrate their respective domains militarily and commercially.
b. Both empires absorbed a foreign religious tradition.
c. Military force played a critical role in the construction of both empires.
d. Powerful emperors were critical in the creation of both empires.

Answer: D

The creation of an empire threatened republican government in Rome

The creation of an empire threatened republican government in Rome

a. because too many citizen soldiers grew rich from war and settled down to farm, weakening the army.
b. because it empowered a small group of military leaders whose fierce rivalries brought civil war to Rome.
c. because the grant of full political rights to all conquered peoples made republican government too cumbersome and inefficient.
d. because the opportunities available to poor freemen in the Empire drained Rome and the countryside around the capital of essential labor.




Answer: B

The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire

a. was motivated in part by desire to secure the wealth of the eastern Mediterranean basin and the resources and food supplies of the western Mediterranean basin.
b. was constructed following a blueprint established around 450 B.C.E. as the republic took shape.
c. was constructed in emulation of previous empires that had dominated the entire Mediterranean basin.
d. all of the above.



Answer: A

Deepening conflict between rich and poor in the Roman Republic led to all EXCEPT which of the following reforms?

Deepening conflict between rich and poor in the Roman Republic led to all EXCEPT which of the following reforms?

a. The new office of tribune, whose holders represented the poor and allowed them to block unfavorable legislation
b. A system of public assemblies that provided the opportunity for lower classes to shape public policy
c. A written law code that offered some protection from abuse for the poor
d. The drawing of lots for appointment to public office, which allowed the poor to become senators for the first time

Answer: D

Which of the following was NOT a way in which Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia facilitated the spread of Greek culture?

Which of the following was NOT a way in which Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia facilitated the spread of Greek culture?

a. The foundation of Greek cities by Alexander and later Hellenistic rulers
b. A sustained campaign by Greek rulers after Alexander to destroy the temples and disperse the priests dedicated to the local gods
c. The migration of Greek settlers serving as state officials, soldiers, or traders in the Hellenistic Empires
d. The widespread use of the Greek language in the former Persian Empire

Answer: B

The failed Persian invasions of Greece in 490 and 480 B.C.E. resulted in

The failed Persian invasions of Greece in 490 and 480 B.C.E. resulted in

a. the collapse of the Persian Empire.
b. the unification of Greece under a single ruler.
c. the emergence of a golden age of culture and democracy in Athens.
d. all of the above


Answer: C

Which of the following was NOT a means by which participation by free males in the government of Greek city states increased?

Which of the following was NOT a means by which participation by free males in the government of Greek city states increased?

a. Tyrants challenged the prerogatives of the wealthy.
b. Increasing numbers of middle- and lower-class men earned political rights by serving as hoplites, or infantrymen, in their city-state armies.
c. The helots of Athens voluntarily gave up their control of the Council of Elders.
d. In Athens holders of public office were paid so that even the poorest could serve.

Answer: C

The political culture of classical Greek civilization was different from that of Persia because

The political culture of classical Greek civilization was different from that of Persia because

a. only the Persian Empire offered equality for all citizens before the law.
b. Greek civilization allowed for the limited participation of women in public assemblies.
c. unlike Persia, no idea of citizenship developed in Greece.
d. only Greek civilization experimented with the idea of free people running the affairs of state.

Answer: D

Classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.

Classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.

a. had a much larger population than the Persian Empire.
b. had a centralized political system like the Persian Empire.
c. was an expansive civilization, though in a different way than the Persian Empire.
d. possessed little sense of citizenship compared to the Persian Empire.



Answer: C

The Persian state

The Persian state

a. was led by an all-powerful emperor who lived among his people and who was easily approachable to all his subjects.
b. relied upon a bureaucratic system in which all provincial governors and local officials were Persian.
c. included a system of imperial spies spread throughout the empire.
d. none of the above




Answer: C

Empires in world history are important for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

Empires in world history are important for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

a. They limited the exchange of ideas.
b. Very large numbers of people lived in empires.
c. They were put were put together and sustained at great human cost.
d. They established lengthy periods of peace and security.




Answer: A

Typically, empires

Typically, empires

a. are made up of one ethnic group.
b. are small.
c. conquer and rule other states.
d. all of the above.




Answer: C