Predictions about the future are complicated by all of the following EXCEPT:

Predictions about the future are complicated by all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) the simultaneous existence of contradictory trends.
(B) profound changes in the preceding century.
(C) the lack of complex models.
(D) the widespread tendency in the 21st century to abandon cultural traditions.
(E) the vastness of the world economy

Answer: D

The greenhouse effect is best described as:

The greenhouse effect is best described as:

(A) the devastating reduction of rainforests.
(B) rising levels of chlorofluorocarbons.
(C) rising global temperatures caused by atmospheric buildup of gases.
(D) global shifts in wildlife patterns.
(E) extensive spread of industrial pollutants.

Answer: C

The wealthiest 20% of humans consume what percent of goods and resources?

The wealthiest 20% of humans consume what percent of goods and resources?

(A) 80%
(B) 40%
(C) 20%
(D) One-fourth
(E) One-fifth

Answer: A

Global environmental issues include

Global environmental issues include

(A) over-exploitation of key resources.
(B) air pollution that has reached critical levels.
(C) global warming.
(D) A and B.
(E) all of the above.

Answer: E

Religious fundamentalism is always

Religious fundamentalism is always

(A) Muslim.
(B) accompanied by suppression of opposing religious groups.
(C) Christian.
(D) Hindu.
(E) an attempt to return to primary texts or traditions

Answer: E

What factors tend to limit cultural globalization?

What factors tend to limit cultural globalization?

(A) regional variations in taste and regional values
(B) increasing isolation of emergent nations
(C) poor communication between world areas
(D) ecumenical religious movements
(E) all of the above

Answer: A

What best describes new social patterns brought by globalization?

What best describes new social patterns brought by globalization?

(A) Migration between rich and poor countries has increased.
(B) International migration has emerged for the first time.
(C) Globally, gaps between the rich and poor seem to be closing.
(D) Declining birth rates in developing nations have left them at a disadvantage.
(E) Low-birth rate countries have encouraged immigration.

Answer: A

International communication in the late 20th century has been significantly improved by

International communication in the late 20th century has been significantly improved by

(A) the advent of computers.
(B) digitalization.
(C) telephones.
(D) e-mail and cell phones.
(E) airline travel.

Answer: B

Resistance to globalization includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Resistance to globalization includes all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) rising nationalism in some areas.
(B) large-scale protests.
(C) state support for local traditions.
(D) a global ban on outsourcing.
(E) religious fundamentalism.

Answer: D

Globalization has been accompanied by

Globalization has been accompanied by

(A) re-imposition of mercantilist strategies.
(B) the entry of all the world's nations into the global market.
(C) ending of ethnic hostilities.
(D) the spread of English as an international language.
(E) greater isolation among competing scientists.

Answer: D

What religion spread rapidly in the 1990s throughout Latin America?

What religion spread rapidly in the 1990s throughout Latin America?

a. Catholicism
b. Protestant fundamentalism
c. Islam
d. Orthodox Christianity
e. Hinduism

Answer: B

NAFTA included the United States, Canada and

NAFTA included the United States, Canada and

a. Mexico.
b. Cuba.
c. Chile.
d. Panama.
e. Brazil.

Answer: A

The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called

The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called

a. "globalization."
b. "universalism."
c. "gradualism."
d. "Unitarianism."
e. "Spaceship Earth."

Answer: A

In the year 2000, what was the percentage of American households in which English was not the primary language?

In the year 2000, what was the percentage of American households in which English was not the primary language?

a. 50
b. 5
c. 10
d. 25
e. 8

Answer: D

On the whole, political institutions globalized at what rate compared to technology or business?

On the whole, political institutions globalized at what rate compared to technology or business?

a. Less rapidly
b. At about the same pace
c. Political institutions never globalize.
d. More rapidly
e. There is an inverse relationship between the two.

Answer: A

Northern Mexico embraced the American holiday of Halloween, displacing what traditional Catholic observance?

Northern Mexico embraced the American holiday of Halloween, displacing what traditional Catholic observance?

a. Easter
b. Christmas
c. All Saints' Day
d. Passover
e. The confessional

Answer: C

By the end of the last century, what percentage of humanity consumed a whopping four-fifths of all marketed goods and services?

By the end of the last century, what percentage of humanity consumed a whopping four-fifths of all marketed goods and services?

a. Two-thirds
b. One-half
c. Four-fifths
d. One-fifth
e. Three-fifths

Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?

Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?

a. Competition over economic resources
b. Nationalism
c. Religious differences
d. The Internet
e. Ethnic competition

Answer: D

Which company, founded in 1955, has been the most striking example of international cultural influence from the 1970s onward?

Which company, founded in 1955, has been the most striking example of international cultural influence from the 1970s onward?

a. GE
b. Ford
c. McDonalds
d. Aiwa
e. Nike

Answer: C

The German Volkswagen "bug" car now is produced in what country?

The German Volkswagen "bug" car now is produced in what country?

a. Germany
b. The United States
c. Mexico
d. Canada
e. Panama

Answer: C

What development led to the explosion of electronic communication in the 1990s?

What development led to the explosion of electronic communication in the 1990s?

a. Technology advances made communications devices, smaller, cheaper, and better
b. Education systems around the world taught people how to use the devices.
c. Many nations implemented huge programs to advance Internet, satellite, and cellular communication.
d. Governments in many nations relaxed their censorship of ideas and communication.
e. Religious and cultural resistance to globalization virtually disappeared.

Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT a new development regarding the globalization of the Earth?

Which of the following is NOT a new development regarding the globalization of the Earth?

a. The end of the cold war and new types of international relations
b. The adjustment of peoples everywhere to the notion of global communications
c. Advances in creating a prototype universal language
d. Advanced technical developments
e. The rise of easy transmission of money

Answer: C

Which of the following is NOT an issue raised against economic globalization?

Which of the following is NOT an issue raised against economic globalization?

a. Rampant consumerism destroys cultural values
b. Damage to labor conditions through use of cheap workers
c. The pace of expansion is too slow
d. Damage to the environment
e. The pace of expansion is too rapid

Answer: C

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries was not adapting to democracy?

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries was not adapting to democracy?

a. Colombia
b. Panama
c. Argentina
d. Cuba
e. Chile

Answer: D

The most heavily populated country on the continent of Africa is

The most heavily populated country on the continent of Africa is

a. the Ivory Coast.
b. South Africa.
c. Nigeria.
d. Algeria
e. Tanzania.

Answer: C

The common currency of the European Union is called the

The common currency of the European Union is called the

a. dollar.
b. euro.
c. peso.
d. dinero.
e. dinar.

Answer: B

The terrorist attacks on New York's World Trade Center occurred on September 11 of what year?

The terrorist attacks on New York's World Trade Center occurred on September 11 of what year?

a. 2003
b. 2001
c. 2002
d. 2000
e. 1999

Answer: B

Which of the following factors did NOT play a role in the demise of communism?

Which of the following factors did NOT play a role in the demise of communism?

a. Soviet leadership
b. Economic costs of the cold war
c. Western Europe's thriving Economy
d. The steadfastness of Chinese policy
e. Reassertion of eastern European initiative

Answer: D

Which of the following was NOT a concern within the former Soviet Union?

Which of the following was NOT a concern within the former Soviet Union?

a. Economic coordination between planners and processes
b. Control of the military and intelligence services
c. Nuclear control issues regarding weapons
d. Direct invasion by the West
e. Relationships between the former Soviet states

Answer: D

The end of the cold war was associated with what large trend in the world at the end of the 20th century?

The end of the cold war was associated with what large trend in the world at the end of the 20th century?

a. The rapid industrialization of the third world
b. The ending of world hunger
c. The dismantling of Western armed forces
d. The spread of multiparty democracy
e. A slow economic decline leading to a depression in 2005

Answer: D

This eastern European country installed a non-communist government in 1988.

This eastern European country installed a non-communist government in 1988.

a. Hungary
b. Albania
c. Poland
d. Romania
e. Bulgaria

Answer: C

In which of the following nations did outright violence and revolution lead to the overthrow of an authoritarian communist leader?

In which of the following nations did outright violence and revolution lead to the overthrow of an authoritarian communist leader?

a. Czechoslovakia
b. Romania
c. Hungary
d. East Germany
e. Poland

Answer: B

Which of the following is not a minority nationality region of the former Yugoslavian nation?

Which of the following is not a minority nationality region of the former Yugoslavian nation?

a. Serbia
b. Bosnia
c. Muria
d. Albania
e. Croatia

Answer: C

After the end of the cold war, which of the following countries remained a superpower?

After the end of the cold war, which of the following countries remained a superpower?

a. Russia
b. France
c. The United States
d. Great Britain
e. The Soviet Union

Answer: C

The First Iraq War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of

The First Iraq War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of

a. Turkey.
b. Iran.
c. Kuwait.
d. Syria.
e. Israel.

Answer: C

Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to stagnation of industrial production in the Soviet Union?

Which of the following was NOT a factor leading to stagnation of industrial production in the Soviet Union?

a. Rigid central planning
b. Excessive military spending
c. Shortage of raw resources and materials
d. Health problems
e. Poor worker morale

Answer: C

The role of the United States as sole superpower has been challenged by all of the following EXCEPT:

The role of the United States as sole superpower has been challenged by all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) U.N. resolutions criticizing United States interventions.
(B) lack of consensus within the U.S. concerning overseas involvement.
(C) reduced U.S. military spending.
(D) tentative coalitions between other world powers.
(E) terrorist activity

Answer: C

The spread of democracy around the world in the 1990s and early 21st century has been challenged by

The spread of democracy around the world in the 1990s and early 21st century has been challenged by

(A) the spread of communism.
(B) questionable results in some democracies.
(C) new fascist regimes.
(D) Soviet global dominance.
(E) ethnic divisions.

Answer: B

The dissolution of Yugoslavia led to all of the following EXCEPT:

The dissolution of Yugoslavia led to all of the following EXCEPT:

(A) Serbia.
(B) Bosnia-Herzegovina.
(C) Croatia.
(D) Slovakia.
(E) Slovenia

Answer: D

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of

(A) Israel.
(B) Kuwait.
(C) Syria.
(D) Iran.
(E) Jordan.

Answer: B

This man succeeded Yeltsin as leader of Russia.

This man succeeded Yeltsin as leader of Russia.

(A) Khrushchev
(B) Andropov
(C) Putin
(D) Kerensky
(E) Gorbachev

Answer: C

In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet republic?

In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet republic?

(A) Belarus
(B) Russia
(C) Ukraine
(D) Georgia
(E) Latvia

Answer: B

German reunification occurred in what year?

German reunification occurred in what year?

(A) 1991
(B) 1990
(C) 1988
(D) 1995
(E) 1955

Answer: A

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

(A) Yuri Andropov
(B) Leonid Brezhnev
(C) Mikhail Gorbachev
(D) Yuri Gagarin
(E) Rudolph Nureyev

Answer: C

What 1979 treaty, negotiated between the Soviet Union and the United States, was aimed at limiting the two nations' arsenals?

What 1979 treaty, negotiated between the Soviet Union and the United States, was aimed at limiting the two nations' arsenals?

(A) Kyoto Protocols
(B) SALT II
(C) NATO
(D) EFTA
(E) OPEC

Answer: B

How long had the Cold War lasted before its context began to shift after 1985?

How long had the Cold War lasted before its context began to shift after 1985?

(A) ten years
(B) forty years
(C) thirty years
(D) fifty years
(E) eighty years

Answer: B

The former Soviet Union gave way to the

The former Soviet Union gave way to the

a. Commonwealth of Independent States.
b. European Union.
c. Soviet Commonwealth.
d. United States of Russia.
e. Russian Commonwealth.

Answer: A

Yeltsin was succeeded as the leader of Russia by

Yeltsin was succeeded as the leader of Russia by

a. Estin.
b. Putin.
c. Shovin.
d. Tito.
e. Tastin.

Answer: B

The second Persian Gulf War in 2003 was started by the invasion of what country?

The second Persian Gulf War in 2003 was started by the invasion of what country?

a. Afghanistan
b. Iran
c. Kuwait
d. Israel
e. Iraq

Answer: E

In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet Republic?

In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet Republic?

a. Russia
b. Belarus
c. Kazakhstan
d. Ukraine
e. Georgia

Answer: A

All of the following were reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev EXCEPT

All of the following were reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev EXCEPT

a. the division of the Soviet Union into its original states.
b. encouraging more decentralized decision making.
c. relaxation of media restrictions.
d. the reduction of nuclear arms.
e. the ending of the Soviet-Afghani war.

Answer: A

A growing tactic of opponents of the ideals of globalization has been

A growing tactic of opponents of the ideals of globalization has been

a. conservative rallies
b. terrorism.
c. communism.
d. institutional racism
e. political fundamentalism

Answer: B

In this eastern European country, the Communist Party renamed itself Socialist in 1988.

In this eastern European country, the Communist Party renamed itself Socialist in 1988.

a. Poland
b. Czechoslovakia
c. Bulgaria
d. Romania
e. Hungary

Answer: E

This eastern European country pushed for economic liberalization in 1987 but was held back by the Soviet central state.

This eastern European country pushed for economic liberalization in 1987 but was held back by the Soviet central state.

a. Albania
b. Poland
c. Romania
d. Bulgaria
e. Hungary

Answer: D

In protest against the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the U.S.

In protest against the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the U.S.

a. invaded Iraq, a staunch ally of the Soviet Union
b. boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
c. organized an anti-Soviet alliance centered around Iraq and Iran.
d. threatened nuclear war and sent aircraft carriers to the Mediterranean.
e. boycotted the United Nations until the Soviets withdrew.

Answer: B

Which of the following did not occur as a part of significant change in Chinese policy in the late 1970s?

Which of the following did not occur as a part of significant change in Chinese policy in the late 1970s?

a. The decision to allow managers to make economic decisions
b. The decision to allow competitive free enterprise within China
c. The decision to participate in the world economy
d. The decision to admit more market forces into China
e. The decision to relax political controls

Answer: E

In 1988, Gorbachev encouraged a new parliament within his country called

In 1988, Gorbachev encouraged a new parliament within his country called

a. the Duma.
b. the Congress of People's Deputies.
c. the Diet.
d. the People's Domain.
e. the League of Stalin.

Answer: B

Spain, Portugal and ________ experienced democratic restructuring in the mid-1970s.

Spain, Portugal and ________ experienced democratic restructuring in the mid-1970s.

a. Hungary
b. Poland
c. Turkey
d. Germany
e. Greece

Answer: E

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

a. Yuri Andropov
b. Yuri Gagarin
c. Nikita Khrushchev
d. Mikhail Gorbachev
e. Leonid Brezhnev

Answer: D

How long had the cold war lasted before its context began to shift after 1985?

How long had the cold war lasted before its context began to shift after 1985?

a. 50 years
b. 40 years
c. 100 years
d. 30 years
e. 10 years

Answer: B

The most heavily populated country on the continent of Africa is

The most heavily populated country on the continent of Africa is

a. the Ivory Coast.
b. South Africa.
c. Algeria
d. Nigeria.
e. Tanzania

Answer: D

A new strategic arms treaty called ________ was negotiated between the superpowers in 1979.

A new strategic arms treaty called ________ was negotiated between the superpowers in 1979.

a. SALT I
b. START
c. STOP
d. ABM
e. SALT II

Answer: E

The term perestroika refers to

The term perestroika refers to

a. economic restructuring and more leeway for private ownership.
b. a new freedom to comment and criticize the Soviet government.
c. the establishment of a liberal democracy.
d. an attempt by the Soviet leadership to allow non-communists to manage the economy.
e. the Soviet space program.

Answer: A

Latvia, Estonia and ________ makeup the Baltic states.

Latvia, Estonia and ________ makeup the Baltic states.

a. Hungary
b. Turkey
c. Lithuania
d. Moldova
e. Ukraine

Answer: C

German reunification occurred in what year?

German reunification occurred in what year?

a. 1990
b. 1991
c. 1995
d. 1985
e. 1988

Answer: B

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries was not adapting to democracy?

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries was not adapting to democracy?

a. Argentina
b. Cuba
c. Chile
d. Panama
e. Colombia

Answer: B