The most prominent of the nineteenth century socialists were the German theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They argued that human history has been a struggle between social classes, and that the future lay with the working class because capitalism would grind to a halt.

The most prominent of the nineteenth century socialists were the German theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They argued that human history has been a struggle between social classes, and that the future lay with the working class because capitalism would grind to a halt.

Answer: True

In the industrial society, the family was the basic productive unit. Family members worked together and contributed to the welfare of the larger group; there was little distinction between work and family life.

In the industrial society, the family was the basic productive unit. Family members worked together and contributed to the welfare of the larger group; there was little distinction between work and family life.

Answer: False

The rapid population growth in Europe encouraged massive migration to the Americas, especially the United States.

The rapid population growth in Europe encouraged massive migration to the Americas, especially the United States.

Answer: True

Industrialization and population growth strongly discouraged migration and urbanization.

Industrialization and population growth strongly discouraged migration and urbanization.

Answer: False

During the 1850s and 1860s, the governments of Britain and France laid the legal foundations for the modern corporation, which became the most common form of business organization in industrial societies.

During the 1850s and 1860s, the governments of Britain and France laid the legal foundations for the modern corporation, which became the most common form of business organization in industrial societies.

Answer: True

German industrialization proceeded at a faster pace than did French and Belgian because of German coal and iron production and extensive railroad building.

German industrialization proceeded at a faster pace than did French and Belgian because of German coal and iron production and extensive railroad building.

Answer: False

The factory system began to emerge in the seventeenth century, when technological advances transformed the British textile industry.

The factory system began to emerge in the seventeenth century, when technological advances transformed the British textile industry.

Answer: False

The most crucial technological breakthrough of the early industrial era was the development of a general-purpose steam engine in 1765 by James Watt.

The most crucial technological breakthrough of the early industrial era was the development of a general-purpose steam engine in 1765 by James Watt.

Answer: True

The fortunate conjunction of coal deposits and the skills necessary to extract this fuel encouraged the substitution of coal for wood, thus creating the promising framework for industrialization.

The fortunate conjunction of coal deposits and the skills necessary to extract this fuel encouraged the substitution of coal for wood, thus creating the promising framework for industrialization.

Answer: True

Industrialization refers to the process that transformed agrarian and handicraft-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture.

Industrialization refers to the process that transformed agrarian and handicraft-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture.

Answer: True

Horizontal organization is

Horizontal organization is 

A. the framework for powerful European trade unions in the industrial age.
B. the consolidation or cooperation of independent companies in the same business.
C. the control of all facets of an industry.
D. a method of mass production.
E. the assembly line process developed by Henry Ford in 1913.

Answer: B

Which of the following was a key feature in the rapid industrialization of Great Britain?

Which of the following was a key feature in the rapid industrialization of Great Britain? 

A. high agricultural productivity
B. population density
C. navigable rivers and canals
D. sophisticated banking and financial institutions
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

The use of which of the following increased dramatically in the nineteenth century?

The use of which of the following increased dramatically in the nineteenth century? 

A. steel
B. iron
C. copper
D. gold
E. aluminum






Answer: A

By 1900, which was the largest city in the world?

By 1900, which was the largest city in the world? 

A. New York
B. Berlin
C. Paris
D. London
E. Tokyo

Answer: D

Charles Fourier was

Charles Fourier was 

A. the Belgian foreign minister whose disastrous trade policies blocked Belgian advancement.
B. the German nobleman who stood as the chief obstacle to German industrialization.
C. the French nobleman who seized the throne after an economic collapse.
D. the English radical who founded the Bolsheviks.
E. a social critic who is often referred to as a utopian socialist.

Answer: E

Over the long haul, trade unions

Over the long haul, trade unions 

A. reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.
B. dramatically increased the chances for a revolution through their ties to Marxian socialists.
C. were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class.
D. stood out as the most radical critics of industrial society.
E. fell under communist control.

Answer: C

Throughout most of the nineteenth century, employers and governments

Throughout most of the nineteenth century, employers and governments 

A. readily established their own trade unions.
B. worked closely with the trade unions to improve the conditions of the working class.
C. tried to convince trade unions to switch their allegiance from communists to socialists.
D. viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.
E. saw the trade unions as the single best alternative to Marxian-type class revolution.

Answer: D

In the late nineteenth century, Germany led European countries in the movement to

In the late nineteenth century, Germany led European countries in the movement to 

A. dramatically reduce the rights and benefits of workers.
B. provide medical insurance and unemployment compensation for workers.
C. crush the trade union movement so thoroughly that it didn't return for over fifty years.
D. recognize trade unions only if they would publicly renounce their ties to the communists.
E. convert to communism.

Answer: B

According to the Manifesto of the Communist Party, all of human history had been a history of

According to the Manifesto of the Communist Party, all of human history had been a history of 

A. class struggle.
B. the quest for religious self-awareness interfering with the development of the peasantry.
C. the search for equality.
D. the search for freedom.
E. industrial integration.

Answer: A

Marx and Engels believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the

Marx and Engels believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the 

A. "usurpation by the proletariat of the bourgeois hegemony."
B. "dictatorship of the proletariat."
C. "complete inversion of the class hierarchy."
D. "realization of freedom."
E. "opiate of the masses."

Answer: B