Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate?

Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate?

a. The emancipation of the serfs destroyed the Russian aristocracy.
b. Emancipation of the serfs loosened the grip of the tsarist state.
c. Few serfs were really emancipated due to the conditions imposed on their release.
d. Following emancipation, peasants were free to move about Russia as they pleased leading to massive movements of agricultural labor.
e. In addition to personal freedom, the serfs were granted parcels of land subject to redemption payments.

Answer: E

Lenin's approach was adopted by the groups of Russian Marxists known as

Lenin's approach was adopted by the groups of Russian Marxists known as

a. Bolsheviks.
b. Mensheviks.
c. Decembrists.
d. Zemstvoes.
e. anarchists.

Answer: A

Which of the following Western cultural characteristics was NOT adopted by large numbers of Japanese?

Which of the following Western cultural characteristics was NOT adopted by large numbers of Japanese?

a. Hair styles
b. Work styles
c. Western calendar
d. Christianity
e. Standards of hygiene

Answer: D

Which of the following statements concerning the capitalization of Russian industry is most accurate?

Which of the following statements concerning the capitalization of Russian industry is most accurate?

a. It was the contact with the Japanese that led to an influx of capital for Russian industrialization.
b. United States investors were the largest owners of machinery in Russia by 1900.
c. Capital for Russian investment was almost entirely derived from liquidation of agricultural estates in Russia.
d. By 1900 approximately half of Russian industry was foreign-owned by British, German, and French industrialists.
e. Russian industry was capitalized by a substantial middle class that had built up wealth in the grain trade with the West.

Answer: D

Which of the following did NOT contribute to working-class radicalism in late 19th-century Russia?

Which of the following did NOT contribute to working-class radicalism in late 19th-century Russia?

a. Rural unrest and adoption of peasant grievances
b. The absence of legal political outlets
c. Severe conditions of early industrialization
d. Workplace reforms
e. Absence of unions






Answer: E

All of the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT

All of the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT

a. the Orthodox church.
b. peasants.
c. the intelligentsia.
d. the industrial workers.
e. ethnic minorities.







Answer: A

Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19th century?

Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19th century?

a. In return for low-cost grain exports, Russia and other east European areas imported Western luxury goods for aristocrats to display as badges of respectability.
b. Russia's economic dynamism and innovation rivaled that of the West.
c. The Russian economy was geographically oriented to the Ottoman Empire, a feature of the Mongol domination of Russia until the 15th century.
d. Russia had achieved economic autonomy in the 18th century, although most of eastern Europe remained largely agricultural.
e. Russian heavy industry accounted for nearly all its economic growth.

Answer: A

Which of the following statements about Russian Marxism is most accurate?

Which of the following statements about Russian Marxism is most accurate?

a. Lenin introduced important innovations in Marxist theory, including the idea that a proletarian revolution could take place without going through a middle-class phase.
b. Marxist doctrines were most applicable to an agrarian economy, not an industrial society.
c. Marxist insistence on careful revolutionary organization and a focus on the working class were rapidly assimilated by anarchists and peasant groups.
d. Lenin was dedicated to the mass electioneering typical of Western socialist parties.
e. Marxist doctrines were not imported from the West, but originated among the Russian intelligentsia.

Answer: A

What was the name of the Russian revolt inspired by Western values in 1825?

What was the name of the Russian revolt inspired by Western values in 1825?

a. The Decembrist uprising
b. Pugachev rebellion
c. The November rebellion
d. Pushkin's revolt
e. Potemkin mutiny








Answer: A

Which of the following religions gained new adherents in industrialized Japan?

Which of the following religions gained new adherents in industrialized Japan?

a. Judaism
b. Confucianism
c. Shinto
d. Buddhism
e. Christianity







Answer: C

Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?

Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?

a. Both engaged in territorial acquisitions in the Ottoman Empire.
b. Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West.
c. Both demonstrated remarkable political flexibility resulting in sweeping transformations of political structure.
d. Both experienced significant political revolutions.
e. Both had a large industrial labor force coupled with a small agricultural base.

Answer: B

Which of the following was present during the Russian program of industrialization?

Which of the following was present during the Russian program of industrialization?

a. Attitudinal change among workers similar to the West
b. Small, but efficient, factories
c. A large middle class
d. Rich natural resources
e. A highly educated work force

Answer: D

All of the following were reforms introduced in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s EXCEPT

All of the following were reforms introduced in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s EXCEPT

a. technical legal freedom for the peasants.
b. reorganization of the military.
c. the creation of local political councils, the zemstvoes.
d. the issuance of new law codes that cut back traditional punishments.
e. the creation of the Duma, a national parliament.

Answer: E

Which of the following was NOT a 19th-century Russian novelist?

Which of the following was NOT a 19th-century Russian novelist?

a. Pavlov
b. Dostoevsky
c. Tolstoy
d. Gogol
e. Turgenev






Answer: A

What tsar began the process of reform in the 19th century?

What tsar began the process of reform in the 19th century?

a. Alexander I
b. Nicholas II
c. Alexander II
d. Nicholas I
e. Peter the Great

Answer: C

What was the chief political method used by the anarchists to achieve reform?

What was the chief political method used by the anarchists to achieve reform?

a. Non-violent protest
b. Political rallies
c. Strikes
d. Voter registration
e. Terrorism






Answer: E

Failure in what war led to the Russian Revolution of 1905?

Failure in what war led to the Russian Revolution of 1905?

a. Russo-Turkish
b. Crimean
c. Sino-Japanese
d. World War I
e. Russo-Japanese






Answer: E

Which of the following statements concerning the development of Russia and Japan to 1900 is NOT accurate?

Which of the following statements concerning the development of Russia and Japan to 1900 is NOT accurate?

a. Both Russia and Japan achieved economic autonomy and a share in the West's core position.
b. Both nations gained sufficient power to wield important political and military influence in the colonial scramble.
c. Neither Russia nor Japan rivaled the industrial might of the West by 1900.
d. Russia and Japan did launch significant industrialization by 1914.
e. Japan outstripped Russia's industrial gains by 1900.

Answer: A

What was the first step toward industrialization in Russia?

What was the first step toward industrialization in Russia?

a. The development of the mining sector
b. Mechanization of agriculture
c. The construction of factories
d. The creation of an extensive system of railways
e. The end of the grain trade with the West

Answer: D

What was the general goal of the Russian intelligentsia?

What was the general goal of the Russian intelligentsia?

a. Radical Westernization as part of a program of increased industrialization
b. Restriction of civil liberties, honor and deference to the emperor, retention of Russian culture
c. Political freedom, social reform, and retention of Russian culture
d. Political freedom, retention of the social hierarchy, and increased Westernization
e. Globally competitive economy

Answer: C