Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19th century?
a. In return for low-cost grain exports, Russia and other east European areas imported Western luxury goods for aristocrats to display as badges of respectability.
b. Russia's economic dynamism and innovation rivaled that of the West.
c. The Russian economy was geographically oriented to the Ottoman Empire, a feature of the Mongol domination of Russia until the 15th century.
d. Russia had achieved economic autonomy in the 18th century, although most of eastern Europe remained largely agricultural.
e. Russian heavy industry accounted for nearly all its economic growth.
Answer: A
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AP World History Chapter 27
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