Which statements best describes the results of the 1848 European revolutions?

Which statements best describes the results of the 1848 European revolutions?

a. Many long-lasting reforms brought democracy to most countries
b. Some temporary reforms occurred, but most were short-lived
c. Nationalism was almost completely destroyed, but socialism grew stronger
d. The use of force by reformers was too weak to result in any changes


Answer: d

In which was were the revolutionary movements in northern Italy, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia similar?

In which was were the revolutionary movements in northern Italy, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia similar?

a. All three demanded greater independence from Austria
b. All three struggled for freedom from Russia
c. All three elected democratic governments
d. All three were defeated by Prussia


Answer: d

How did the French Revolution of 1848 affect Europe

How did the French Revolution of 1848 affect Europe

a. Democracies rose across Europe
b. Most monarchies collapsed
c. Revolution quickly spread
d. Men lost their right to vote


Answer: c

Which country became independent as a result of the 1830 revolution?

Which country became independent as a result of the 1830 revolution?

a. France
b. Serbia
c. the Netherlands
d. Belgium


Answer: d

What event sparked the July Revolution in Paris in 1830?

What event sparked the July Revolution in Paris in 1830?

a. Louis XVIII died
b. Charles X closed the legislature
c. Citizens destroyed Bastille
d. Charles X abdicated


Answer: b

By the mid-1800s, whose goals were added to the demands of liberals and nationalists?

By the mid-1800s, whose goals were added to the demands of liberals and nationalists?

a. industrial workers
b. farmers
c. women
d. slaves


Answer: a

Whom did liberals of the early 1800s believe should get to vote?

Whom did liberals of the early 1800s believe should get to vote?

a. all adults
b. all adult male property owners
c. all people who were not slaves or servants
d. all adult men and women who could read


Answer: b

Serbian autonomy was supported by

Serbian autonomy was supported by

a. the Ottoman empire
b. the Austrian empire
c. the Russian empire
d. the Balkan empire



Answer: c

By 1815, which empire was made up of many diverse peoples?

By 1815, which empire was made up of many diverse peoples?

a. France
b. Prussia
c. Great Britain
d. Austria


Answer: d

Liberals generally believed in

Liberals generally believed in

a. limited government and freedom of speech
b. freedom of the press and restoration of royal families
c. laissez-faire economics and an established church
d. restoration of royal families and nationalism


Answer: a

A social order in which lower classes respected and obeyed their social superiors was supported by

A social order in which lower classes respected and obeyed their social superiors was supported by

a. nationalists
b. liberals
c. conservatives
d. constitutionalists


Answer: c

The Congress of Vienna was a victory for

The Congress of Vienna was a victory for

a. the lower social classes
b. monarchs, nobles, landowners, and church leaders
c. those who favored natural rights and constitutional government
d. Catholics in northern Europe and Protestants in southern Europe


Answer: b

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was 

a. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat
b. individual ownership of the means of production
c. shared ownership by the people of the means of production
d. the charity and good works of the religious community


Answer: c

Jeremy Bentham believed that

Jeremy Bentham believed that

a. laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain
b. citizens should be willing to give up individual freedom for the good of the majority
c. government should play no role in the economy
d. poverty was inevitable, in site of wage increases for the working class



Answer: a

According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was

According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was

a. welfare
b. laws requiring factories to increase wages
c. popular reform movements
d. an unrestricted free market


Answer: d

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

a. a general decline in the standard of living
b. the overall poverty of the working class
c. a general rise in the standard of living
d. an overall decline in population


Answer: c

Most early factory workers were women because

Most early factory workers were women because

a. more women than men sought employment
b. employers could pay women less than man
c. women were less likely than men to have accidents
d. women were more willing than men to work long hours


Answer: b

Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early 1800s to

Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early 1800s to

a. provide free education
b. reform child labor
c. allow workers to organize into unions
d. provide the right to vote for working-class men


Answer: b

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the

The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the

a. bourgeoisie
b. upper class
c. middle class
d. working class


Answer: d

The putting-out system was a method of

The putting-out system was a method of

a. removing iron from its ore
b. separating seeds from cotton
c. producing cloth in individual homes
d. spinning thread with water power


Answer: c

In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?

In what way were railroads an improvement over canals?

a. Railroads could connect two rivers
b. Railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port.
c. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river
d. Railroads were the only form of overland transportation


Answer: c

The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by

The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by

a. creating a large factory workforce
b. bringing in investment capital
c. providing cheap labor
d. increasing the demand for goods


Answer: b

Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by

Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by

a. John Stuart Mill
b. James Watt
c. Thomas Newcomen
d. Eli Whitney


Answer: b

Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it

Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it

a. limited the individual freedoms of the people
b. created prosperity for a few and poverty for many
c. discouraged labor unions
d. prevented government form protecting workers


Answer: b

"The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was a goal of

"The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was a goal of

a. utilitarianism
b. socialism
c. capitalism
d. communism


Answer: a

Which of the following best describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?"

Which of the following best describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?"

a. Wages will increase in direct proportion to the rise in prices.
b. Wages will continue to increase for the rich but not for the poor
c. Wages will never increase as long as there are more workers than available jobs
d. Wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families


Answer: d

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because

Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because

a. he feared that vaccinations would cause disease
b. disease was a natural means of population control
c. vaccinations were not yet effective enough to control disease
d. vaccinations were too expensive for the poor


Answer: b

The first factories developed in what industry?

The first factories developed in what industry?

a. textiles
b. agriculture
c. coal mining
d. iron manufacturing


Answer: a

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

a. People migrated from villages to work on large farms
b. People began selling their goods instead of trading them
c. People learned to use machines to make their own clothes
d. People migrated from rural areas to cities


Answer: d

One result of the October Manifesto was

One result of the October Manifesto was

a. the establishment of zemstvos
b. a bloody revolution
c. the rise of the Socialists
d. the establishment of the Duma


Answer: d

Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because

Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because

a. it strengthened the tsar's power
b. it led to Japan's triumph over Russia
c. it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar
d. it marked the beginning of World War I


Answer: c

Emancipation of the serfs benefited the Russian economy because many former serfs

Emancipation of the serfs benefited the Russian economy because many former serfs

a. rose to become the new merchant class
b. took jobs in factories
c. acquired large country estates
d. helped expand the empire by joining the army



Answer: b

In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the

In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the

a. Hohenzollerns
b. Hapsburgs
c. Bourbons
d. Romanovs


Answer: b

In 1859, Camillo Cavour provoked a war between Sardinia and Austria because

In 1859, Camillo Cavour provoked a war between Sardinia and Austria because

a. he wanted to end Austrain power in Italy
b. the Austrian king had insulted a Sardinian ambassador
c. German forces would fight for Sardinia against Austria
d. Austrian assassins had attacked Victor Emmanuel


Answer: a

Italian unification was complete when Naples and Sicily were turned over to Victor Emmanuel by

Italian unification was complete when Naples and Sicily were turned over to Victor Emmanuel by

a. Camillo Cavour
b. Giuseppe Mazzini
c. Guiseppe Garibaldi
d. Otto von Bismarck


Answer: c

The the Kulturkampf, Bismarck's goal was to

The the Kulturkampf, Bismarck's goal was to

a. unitfy the Germans and Austrians
b. reduce the power of the socialists
c. reduce the power of the catholic church
d. increase his power over the monarch


Answer: c

In the government Bismarck set up for the German empire, membership in the Reichstag was determined by

In the government Bismarck set up for the German empire, membership in the Reichstag was determined by

a. a vote of all male citizens
b. inherited titles of nobility
c.appointment by the rulers of the German states
d. Bismarck


Answer: a

When the Frankfurt Assembly offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the throne of a united German state in 1848, the ruler refused because

When the Frankfurt Assembly offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the throne of a united German state in 1848, the ruler refused because

a. not all the German states were included
b. the offer came from "the people"
c. the real power would remain with the individual states
d. the government of the states had not agreed to the offer


Answer: b

Which of the following was an obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800s?

Which of the following was an obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800s?

a. a rigid social structure
b. few natural resources
c. a powerful middle class
d. little productive land


Answer: a

The Dual Monarchy was a combination of

The Dual Monarchy was a combination of

a. Austria and Germany
b. Germany and France
c. Austria and Hungary
d. Germany and Hungary


Answer: c