Which of the following beliefs is NOT associated with the concept of "modernization" or "Westernization?"
a. Development was a matter of increasing per capita production in any society.
b. As the process occurred, there would be a natural movement toward more democratic forms of government and popular participation.
c. Change would take place through radical or revolutionary transitions rather than gradually.
d. The more industrialized and urbanized any society became, the more social change and improvement were possible as traditional patterns and attitudes were abandoned.
e. Education was the key factor in any modernization program.
Answer: C