In the last decades of the 19th century, the Chinese inability to reform or modernize was largely due to

In the last decades of the 19th century, the Chinese inability to reform or modernize was largely due to

(A) foreign pressures not to modernize at all.
(B) constant rebellions and peasant revolts.
(C) elites and the dowager empress, who would allow nothing to limit their authority.
(D) the lack of an educated elite willing to lead or propose reform.
(E) the lack of a prosperous merchant class.

Answer: C

The most immediate result of the Opium War was

The most immediate result of the Opium War was

(A) the partition of China between European nations.
(B) the collapse of the Qing dynasty and its replacement.
(C) the beginning of a powerful reform movement to strengthen China.
(D) Korea was ceded to Japan.
(E) China was forced to open its ports to European trade and grant European extraterritoriality





Answer: E

All of these incidents were signs of the decline of the Qing Dynasty in China EXCEPT the:

All of these incidents were signs of the decline of the Qing Dynasty in China EXCEPT the:

(A) breakdown of honesty on the Chinese bureaucratic exams.
(B) diversion of taxes and revenues to enrich bureaucrats and their families.
(C) rise of banditry.
(D) rise of a wealthy group of merchants.
(E) neglect of public works and utilities.

Answer: D

Socially, the Manchu (Qing) rulers

Socially, the Manchu (Qing) rulers

(A) encouraged innovative organizations such as unions.
(B) reinforced much of the Confucian value system, including the family.
(C) began to slowly emancipate women.
(D) discouraged Manchu elites from adopting Chinese ways.
(E) refused to reinstate the Confucian testing system.

Answer: B

Although they were nomadic tribesmen from beyond the Great Wall, the Manchus, when they conquered China,

Although they were nomadic tribesmen from beyond the Great Wall, the Manchus, when they conquered China,

(A) freely settled among the Chinese people.
(B) reformed the Ming bureaucracy and removed local elites.
(C) emancipated women and peasants.
(D) retained the Ming emperors as nominal leaders.
(E) retained the Confucian gentry-scholars and much of the political system.

Answer: E

The Muslim Sudanese revolted under the Mahdi for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

The Muslim Sudanese revolted under the Mahdi for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

(A) opposition to the effort to end the slave trade.
(B) the conquest of the Sudan by the British.
(C) opposition to British influence in the area.
(D) a desire to purge Islam of Western influences.
(E) opposition to Egyptian rule in the area.

Answer: B