The "Gang of Four" were
a. other Communist states that tried to have Mao removed from power on the basis that he was not a "Leninist."
b. the temporarily dismissed "pragmatists," who sought to remove Mao from power.
c. Britain, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States—identified by Mao as China's chief rivals.
d. university intellectuals identified as "capitalist roaders" during the Cultural Revolution.
e. Jiang Qing and three allies who contested for power with the "pragmatists" on behalf of the aging Mao.
Answer: E