What was the status of artisans in Abbasid cities?
a. Artisans were free men who owned their own tools and who formed guild-like organizations to negotiate wages.
b. Artisans found no markets for their goods and were finally incorporated into the ayan.
c. Artisans were able to utilize their guild-like organizations to seize political control of most Abbasid towns.
d. The number of artisans decreased along with the economic crisis of the Abbasid period.
e. Handicraft industries were staffed by slave labor exclusively.
Answer: A