Which of the following was an obstacle to Italian unity?

Which of the following was an obstacle to Italian unity?

a. the efforts of the Risorgimento
b. identification with local regions
c. a strong monarch
d. the efforts of the Red Shirts



Answer: b

Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to

Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to

a. avoid a socialist revolution
b. fulfill the states obligation to its people
c. win votes for the reelection
d. move the country toward democracy



Answer: a

William II asked Bismarck to resign because

William II asked Bismarck to resign because

a. Bismarck had lost favor with the people
b. William II wanted no rivals
c. Bismarck had falsified William's telegram to the French ambassador
d. William II wanted a stronger military leader



Answer: b

In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by

In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by

a. establishing German as the official language
b. establishing Federick William IV as king of a united German state
c. removing tariff barriers between German states
d. banding together to fight Napoleon's invading forces



Answer: c

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between

a. branches of the state government
b. national and state governments
c. two houses of parliament
d. the government and the people


Answer: b

Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?

Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution?

a. large money resources for military supplies
b. a large number of trained soldiers
c. allies among Native Americans and enslaved people
d. diverse geography



Answer: d

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies?

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies?

a. Stamp Act
b. Navigation Act
c. Declaratory Act
d. Sugar Act



Answer: a

Elegant compositions by Handel, Hayden, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as

Elegant compositions by Handel, Hayden, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as

a. classical
b. baroque
c. folk
d. romantic


Answer: a

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by

Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by

a. writing in Latin
b. disguising their ideas a fiction
c. putting false covers on their books
d. supporting a strict class system



Answer: b

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?

What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natural rights of the people?

a. Thomas Hobbes
b. Voltaire
c. Rene Descartes
d. John Locke



Answer: d

Economist Adam Smith argued that the purpose of government activity would be regulated by the forces of

Economist Adam Smith argued that the purpose of government activity would be regulated by the forces of

a. wages and prices
b. saving and investment
c. supply and demand
d. manufacturing and trade



Answer: c

Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it

Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it

a. compiled classical Greek and Roman works
b. spread Enlightenment ideas
c. was the first publication printed with moveable type
d. was the first publication to include articles by women



Answer: b

The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

a. Montesquieu
b. Voltaire
c. Rousseau
d. Diderot



Answer: a

According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is

According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is

a. a federal republic
b. a democracy
c. a theocracy
d. an absolute monarchy



Answer: d

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the

a. Reformation
b. Glorious Revolution
c. Scientific Revolution
d. Renaissance



Answer: c

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise

a. the Magna Carta
b. the Bill of Rights
c. the Articles of Confederation
d. the Declaration of Independence



Answer: c

The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution because

The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution because

a. it was the first American defeat in the war
b. the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution
c. it caused the British to sign the Treaty of Paris
d. the French fleet helped the Americans triumph



Answer: b

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to

a. support free trade in the colonies
b. encourage world exploration
c. crack down on smugglers
d. regulate colonial trade and manufacturing



Answer: d

Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems?

a. Catherine the Great
b. Maria Theresa
c. Frederick the Great
d. Joseph II



Answer: d

Napoleon's final defeat was at the

Napoleon's final defeat was at the

a. Battle of Waterloo
b. Battle of the Nations at Leizpig
c. Battle of Moscow
d. Battle of Austerlitz



Answer: a

The Continental System was a form of

The Continental System was a form of

a. government
b. economic warfare
c. social class system
d. oppression through terror



Answer: b

After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three man governing board called the

After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three man governing board called the

a. Revolutionaries
b. Assembly
c. Convention
d. Consulte



Answer: d

During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of

During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of

a. Louis XVI
b. the National Assembly
c. the Committee of Public Safety
d. Napoleon



Answer: c

In the Declaration of Pillnitz, the the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria

In the Declaration of Pillnitz, the the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria

a. declared war on the French revolutionaries
b. declared their support for the French Revolution
c. threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy
d. offered to take in the exiled French royal family



Answer: c

What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?

What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791?

a. an absolute monarchy
b. a republic
c. a theocracy
d. a limited monarchy



Answer: d

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to

The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to

a. reduce the price of bread
b. return to Paris
c. open government jobs to the poor
d. give up the throne


Answer: b

The poorest members of the Third Estate were

The poorest members of the Third Estate were

a. urban workers
b. bourgeoisie families
c. nun and priests
d. philosophes



Answer: a

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about

Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about

a. a reduction in taxes
b. the overthrow of Louis XVI
c. a just constitution
d. the fall of the Bastille



Answer: c

In 1789, the majority of the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to the National Assembly were from the

In 1789, the majority of the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to the National Assembly were from the

a. First Estate
b. Second Estate
c. Third Estate
d. Fourth Estate




Answer: c

In France's old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie?

In France's old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie?

a. nobles
b. clergy
c. peasants
d. merchants



Answer: d

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by

The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by

a. restoring Napoleon to the throne
b. restoring hereditary monarchies
c. establishing a republic in France
d. combing France and Belgium



Answer: b

What war tactic helped the Russian defeat Napoleon?

What war tactic helped the Russian defeat Napoleon?

a. scorched-earth policy
b. Continental System
c. Waterloo Strategy
d. blockades



Answer: a

Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire?

Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire?

a. Britain
b. Belgium
c. Italy
d. the Netherlands



Answer: a

The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by

The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by

a. selling Church lands
b. selling lands owned by Louis XVI
c. raising taxes on property
d. instituting an income tax



Answer: a

Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial adviser, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed

Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial adviser, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed

a. reimposing manor dues
b. reducing court spending
c. abolishing tariffs on internal trade
d. taxing the First and Second estates



Answer: d

In France's old order, the clergy belonged to the

In France's old order, the clergy belonged to the

a. First Estate
b. Second Estate
c. Third Estate
d. Fourth Estate



Answer: a

Which of the following were writers of the realism movement?

Which of the following were writers of the realism movement?

a. Edgar Degas and Georges Seurat
b. William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley
c. Gustave Courbet and Thomas Eakins
d. Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo



Answer: d

In 1869, what chemist developed a table that became the basis for the periodic table of elements used today?

In 1869, what chemist developed a table that became the basis for the periodic table of elements used today?

a. John Dalton
b. Dmitri Mendelyev
c. Charles Lyell
d. Thomas Edison



Answer: b

Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the United States were among the first colleges for

Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the United States were among the first colleges for

a. a classical education
b. a religious education
c. people of all races
d. women



Answer: d

Reformers in what movement argued that the use of alcoholic beverages harmed family life and reduced worker productivity?

Reformers in what movement argued that the use of alcoholic beverages harmed family life and reduced worker productivity?

a. temperance
b. abolition
c. suffrage
d. social gospel


Answer: a

Who discovered that sterilizing surgical instruments with antiseptics would help prevent infection?

Who discovered that sterilizing surgical instruments with antiseptics would help prevent infection?

a. Florence Nightingale
b. Joseph Lister
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Robert Koch



Answer: b

What contribution to medical science did German doctor Robert Koch make in the 1880s?

What contribution to medical science did German doctor Robert Koch make in the 1880s?

a. He identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
b. He traced malaria to the mosquito
c. He developed a process called pasteurization
d. He developed a cure for yellow fever



Answer: a

What invention did the internal combustion engine make possible?

What invention did the internal combustion engine make possible?

a. the steamboat
b. the Wright Brothers' flying machine
c. the telegraph
d. Faraday's electric motor



Answer: b

The Bessemer process was a method for producing

The Bessemer process was a method for producing

a. electricity
b. textiles
c. identical components
d. steel



Answer: d

An artist of the mid-1800s who portrayed the harsh lives of slum dwellers was probably using what artistic style?

An artist of the mid-1800s who portrayed the harsh lives of slum dwellers was probably using what artistic style?

a. realism
b. impressionism
c. neoclassicism
d. romanticism



Answer: a

Romanticism can be described as a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on

Romanticism can be described as a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on 

a. religion
b. reason
c. the past
d. legends and folklore



Answer: b

Englishman John Dalton made an important breakthrough in chemistry by showing that

Englishman John Dalton made an important breakthrough in chemistry by showing that

a. atoms exist within the periodic table
b. all atoms are basically alike
c. each elements has its own kind of atoms
d. elements can be grouped according to their atomic weights


Answer: c

The purpose of Normal Schools was to train students to be

The purpose of Normal Schools was to train students to be

a. doctors
b. priests
c. good wives
d. teachers


Answer: d

The popular saying "A man's home is his castle" reflected what middle-class value of the late 1800s?

The popular saying "A man's home is his castle" reflected what middle-class value of the late 1800s?

a. temperance
b. women's suffrage
c. cult of domesticity
d. romanticism



Answer: c

The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because

The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because

a. couples had more children
b. medical advances reduced the death rate
c. cities eliminated slums
d. couples started families at a younger age


Answer: b

Today's electric generators work on the same principle as the dynamo invented by

Today's electric generators work on the same principle as the dynamo invented by

a. Thomas Edison
b. Benjamin Franklin
c. Michael Faraday
d. Guglielmo Marconi



Answer: c