Which of the following statements concerning the early nationalist movements of Africa is most accurate?
a. The early leadership of pan-African organizations was more often American and West Indian than African.
b. Pan-Africanism, linking all Africans in a single national movement for independence, was the most successful apparatus for achieving decolonization.
c. Most African nationalist movements were split between Muslim and Christian ideals.
d. French-speaking west Africans tended to concentrate their efforts at political representation within their colonies.
e. By the mid-1920s, racist views of African society were becoming more strident, and most Europeans refused to countenance the concept of a progressive African culture.
Answer: A